اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف آرد میوة بلوط در جیرة غذائی بر تغییرات وزن و بیان ژن کربوکسی‌پپتیداز پانکراس در جوجه‌های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ژنتیک و اصلاح دام، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

2 دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

3 استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی بیان ژن کربوکسی‌پپتیداز پانکراس و تغییرات وزن پانکراس در جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه‌شده با سطوح مختلف آرد میوة بلوط بود. بدین منظور سه تیمار غذایی (کنترل، 15 درصد و 20 درصد آرد میوة‌ بلوط) از سن 1 تا 42 روزگی در اختیار جوجه‌های گوشتی قرار گرفت. در سنین 21 و 42 روزگی، تعداد 36 جوجه‌ی گوشتی (18 جوجه در هر سن، 6 جوجه برای هر تیمار) کشتار گردید و وزن پانکراس و وزن بدن اندازه‌گیری شد. سپس RNA کل از بافت پانکراس استخراج و سنتز cDNA انجام شد. آنالیزهای بیان ژن نیز با نرم‌افزارهای ‌REST, 2009 و SAS 9.1 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، بیان ژن کربوکسی‌پپتیداز در جوجه‌های گوشتی که به مدت 21 روز با تیمار 15 درصد میوه‌ بلوط تغذیه ‌شده بودند، نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت (05/0P<). در سن 42 روزگی، بیان ژن‌ کربوکسی‌پپتیداز در جوجه‌های تغذیه‌شده با جیرة حاوی 20 درصد میوة بلوط نسبت به جوجه‌های تیمار 15 درصد، به طور معنی‌داری پایین‌تر بود (05/0P<). وزن نسبی پانکراس نیز در جوجه‌هایی که به مدت 42 روز از تیمار 20 درصد استفاده کرده بودند، به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت (05/0P<). به طور کلی استفاده از میوة‌ بلوط به‌عنوان جایگزین ذرت، باعث تغییر در بیان ژن کربوکسی‌پپتیداز، کاهش وزن بدن و افزایش وزن نسبی پانکراس ‌شد و این تأثیرات به مقدار خوراک مصرفی، درصد بلوط مورد استفاده، طول دوره استفاده از آن، و سایر عوامل بستگی دارد. از این رو به منظور درک مکانیسم‌های مولکولی عملکرد پلی‎فنل‌ها نیاز به پژوهش‌های بیشتری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Acamovic, T. and Brooker, J.D. (2005). Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolites and their effects in animals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 64:403–412.
Ahmed, A.E., Smithard, R. and Ellis, M. (1991). Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets. British Journal of Nutrition. 65:189-197.
Amerah, A.M., Ravindran, V. and Lentle, R.G. (2009). Influence of insoluble fibre and whole wheat inclution on the performance, digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 50(3):366-375.
Bieger, W. and Scheele, G. (1980). Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of protein mixtures containing active or potentially active proteases. Analytical biochemistry. 109(2):222-230.
Bojarpour, M., Bahmaninia, E., Ebrahimi, R. and Fayazi, J. (2010). Evaluate effects of different inclusion of oak kernel with determine food potential oak kernel substitute with corn seed on broiler chickens ration. Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 5:17-19.
Conolly, A. (2012). Seminar presentation on pushing the boundaries performance and profit ability. Poultry International Magazine, Mark Clement, pp: 18.
Cozzolino, S.M.F. and Cominetti, C. (2013). Biochemical and Physiological Bases of Nutrition in Different Stages of Life in Health and Disease. Monole, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Dhar, A.K., Bowers, R.M., Licon, K.S., Veazey, G. and Read, B. (2009). Validation of reference genes for quantitative measurement of immune gene expression in shrimp. Molecular Immunology. 46:1688-1695.
Griffiths, D.W. and Moseley, G. (1980). The effect of diets containing field beans of high and low polyphenolic content on the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine of rats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 31:255-259.
Gueguen, J., Van Oort, M.G., Quillien, L. and Hessing, M. (1993). The composition, biochemical characteristics and analysis of proteinaceous antinutritional factors in legume seeds. Publication-European Association for Animal production. 70:9-9.
Hamou, H., Bouderoua, K., Sisbane, I. and Mourot, J. (2012). Effect of green oak acorn based diet on performance and fatty acid composition of cooked breast meat. International Journal of Applied Animal Sciences. 1:94-101.
Hasni, I., Bourassa, P., Hamdani, S., Samson, G., Carpentier, R. and Tajmir-Riahi, H.A. (2011). Interaction of milk α and b-casein with tea polyphenols. Food Chemistry. 126:630–639.
Houshmand, M., Hojati, F. and Parsaie, S. (2015). Dietary nutrient manipulation to improve the performance and tibia characteristics of broilers fed oak acorn (Quercus Brantii Lindl). Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 1:17-24.
Jansman, A.J.M. (1993). Tannins in feedstuffs for simple stomached animals. Nutrition Research Reviews. 6:209-236.
Khalid, K., Kadhim, A., Zuki, B.Z., Noordin, M.M., Babjee, S.M.A. and Zamri-Saad, M. (2011). Activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin of pancreas and small intestinal contents in the red jungle fowl and broiler breed. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(1):108-115.
Khandelwal, S., Udipi, S.A. and Ghuger, P. (2009). Polyphenols and tannins in Indian pulses: Effect of soaking, germination and pressure cooking. Food Research International. 43:526-530.
Kratzer, F.H., Rajagura, R.W.A.S. and Vohra, P. (1967). The effect of polysaccharides on energy utilization, nitrogen retention and fat absorption in chickens. Poultry Sciences. 46:1489–1493.
Kubista, M., Andrade, J.M., Bengtsson, M., Forootan, A., Jonák, J., Lind, K., et al (2006). The real-time polymerase chain reaction. Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 27(2):95-125.
Kumari, M. and Jain, S. (2012). Tannins: an antinutrient with positive effect to manage diabetes. Research Journal of Recent Sciences. 2277-2502.
Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Kappert, H.J., Frehner, M., Losa, R. and Beynen, A.C. (2003) Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 44:450-7.
Mahmood, S., Ajmal Khan, M., Sarwar, M. and Nisa, M. (2008). Use of chemical treatments to reduce antinutritional effects of tannins in salseed meal: Effect on performance and digestive enzymes of broilers. Livestock Science. 116:162-170.
Mahmood, S., Ajmal Khan, M., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Lee, W.S., Kim, S.B., et al (2007). Use of chemical treatments to reduce tannins and trypsin inhibitor contents in salseed (Shorea robusta) meal. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 20:1462–1467.
Mahmood, S. and Smithard, R. (1993). A comparison of effects of body weight and feed intake on digestion in broiler cockerels with effects of tannins. British Journal of Nutrition. 70:701–709.
Mahmood, S., Smithard, R. and Sarwar, M. (1997). Effects of salseed (Shorea robusta) tannins, restricted feed intake and age on relative pancreas weight and activity of digestive enzymes in male Broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 65 (1):215–230.
Makkar, H.P.S. (2003). Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animal, adaptation to tannins and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research. 49:241-256.
Mansoori, B., Nodeh, H., Modirsanei, M., Kiaei, M.M. and Farkhoy, M. (2007). Evaluating the influence of tannic acid alone or with polyethylene glycol on the intestinal absorption capacity of broiler chickens, using d-xylose absorption test. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 134:252–260.
Margaret, L. and Mcnab, J.M. (1991). The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides a tannins of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. British Journal of Nutrition. 65:199-216.
McDougall, G.J., Kulkarni, N.N. and Stewart, D. (2008). Current developments on the inhibitory effects of berry polyphenols on digestive enzymes. Biofactors. 34.73–80.
National Research Council. (1994). Nutrient requirements of poultry (9th rev. ed). National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
Noy, Y. and Sklan, D. (1995). Digestion and absorption in the young chick. Poultry Science Journal. 74:366-373.
Nyachoti, C.M., Atkinson, J.L. and Lesson, S. (1996). Response of broiler chicks fed a high-tannin sorghum diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 5:239-245.
Pfaffl, M.W., Horgan, G.W. and Dempfle, L. (2002). Relative expression software tool (REST©) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Research. 30(9):36-36.
Pfaffl, M.W., Tichopad, A., Prgomet, C. and Neuvians, T.P. (2004). Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: BestKeeper–Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations. Biotechnology letters. 26(6):509-515.
Pfaffl, W. (2001). A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Research. 29:2002–7.
Prost, J. and Belleville, J. (1991). Age and protein restriction followed by balanced refeeding affect pancreatic digestive enzyme outputs and turnover times in rats. Journal of Nutrition. 121:2044-2054.
Prost, J., Belleville, J. and Valantin-Rollet, C. (1988). Effects of age, and protein malnutrition followed by a balanced diet on the non-parallel change in digestive enzymes in the pancreas and their secretion in the rat. British journal of nutrition. 60(03):619-631.
Rawel, H.M., Rohn, S. and Kroll, J. (2003). Influence of a sugar moiety (Rhamnosylglucoside) at 3-o-position on the reactivity of quercetin with whey proteins. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 32:109-120.
Rezaei, M. and Semnaninejad, H. (2016). Effects of different levels of raw and processed oak acorn (Quercus castaneifolia) on performance, small intestine morphology, ileal digestibility of nutrients, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. Poultry Science Journal. 4:127-138.
Saffarzadeh, A., Vincze, L. and Csapo, J. (1999). Determiniation of the chemical composition of acorn (Quercus brantii), pistacia atlantica and pistacia khinjuk seed as non-conventional feedstuff. Acta Agraria Kaposvariensis. 3:59-69.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS User’s Guide. Version 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Scheele, G. and Kern, H.F. (1989). Selective regulation of gene expression in the exocrine pancreas. In: J. Forte (Ed), Handbook of physiology, Section 6, the gastrointestinal system; Volume III, Salivary, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary secretion. pp: 499-513. New York, Oxford University Press.
Sharif, M., Idrees, M., Tauqir, N.A., Shahzad, M.A., Khalid, M.F., Nisa, M., et al (2012). Effect of water treatment of sorghum on the performance of broiler chicks. South African Journal of Animal Science. 42:23-32.
Stevens, C.E. and Hume, I.D. (1995). Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Swanson, K.C. and Harmon, D.L. (2002). Dietary influences on pancreatic α-amylase expression and secretion in ruminants. Biology of Growing Animals. 1:515-537.
Thomas, D.S. (2008). Analyzing Real Time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Peptides. 26:1858-870.
Weyrich, A., Axtner, J. and Sommer, S. (2010). Selection and validation of reference genes for real-time RT-PCR studies in the non-model species Delomyssublineatus, an endemic Brazilian rodent. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 392:145-149.
Yang, F., Lei, X., Rodriguez-Palacios, A., Tang, C. and Yue, H. (2013). Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup. J. BMC research notes. 6(1):1.
Yuksel, Z., Avci, E. and Erdem, Y.K. (2010). Characterization of binding interactions between green tea flavonoids and milk proteins. Food Chemistry. 121:450–456.
Yuste, P., Longstaff, M. and McCorquodale, C. (1992). The effect of proanthocyanidin-rich hulls and proanthocyanidin extracts from bean (Vicia faba L.) hulls on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. British Journal of Nutrition. 67:57–65.