Effect of anti-stress feed additive on immune responses and blood parameters of three commercial broiler strains under heat stress conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal science ,Arak Branch,Islamic Azad University,Arak , Iran

2 Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Animal Science Research Institute, Department of animal nutrition and physiology, Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

4 Former MSc student of Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of anti-stress feed additive containing probiotic Protexin®, vitamin C and betaine in three commercial broiler strains on immune responses, some blood parameters and oxidative stability of breast muscle under heat stress conditions. A total of 720 one-day-old broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design as a 2×3 factorial arrangement consisting 2 levels of additive (with and without) and three broiler strains (Arbor Acres, Ross 308 and Cobb 500) with 6 treatments, 4 replicates and 30 birds in each replicate. The birds were exposed to heat stress (37 °C) for 8 hours daily from 22 to 42 days of age. In addition of performance parameters, humoral immune response was measured by intravenous administration of 5% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) suspension and primary and secondary antibody titers were determined. At 42 day of age, blood samples were collected to measure blood serum parameters including total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL. The heterophile to lymphocyte ratio and also glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase enzyme activities were evaluated at 42 day of age. Among the evaluated parameters, only LDL concentration was affected by experimental strains (p < 0.05) and the minimum serum LDL concentration was observed in Arbor Acres strain. Generally, the strain and feed additive used in this experiment had no significant effect on immune response and breast muscle oxidative stability of heat-stressed broilers.

Keywords

References

AinBaziz, H., Geraert, P.A. and Guillaumin, S. (1996). Chronic heat exposure enhances fat deposition and modifies muscle and fat partition in broiler carcasses. Poultry Science. 75: 505-513.
Attia, Y.A., Al-Harthi, M.A. and Elnaggar, A.S. (2018). Productive, physiological and immunological responses of two broiler strains fed different dietary regimens and exposed to heat stress. Italian Poultry Science. 17: 686-697.
Azad, M., Kikusato, A.K.M., Maekawa, T., Shirakawa, H. and Toyomizu, M. (2010). Metabolic characteristics and oxidative damage to skeletal muscle in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heatstress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A. 155: 401-406.
Brisbin, J.T., Gong, J., Orouji, S., Esufali, J., Mallick, A.I., Parvizi, P., Shewen, P.E. and Sharif, S.  (2011). Oral treatment of chickens with Lactobacilli influences elicitation of immune responses. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 18: 1447-1455.
Craig, S. (2004). Betain in human nutrition. American Clinical Journal of Nutrition. 80: 539-549.
Etches, R., John, J.M. and Gibbins, A.M.V. (2008). Behavioural, physiological, neuroendocrine and molecular responses to heat stress. In: Daghir, N.J. (ed.) Poultry Production in Hot Climates. 2nd edition. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 48-79.
Finkel, T. and Holbrook, N.J. (2000). Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature. 408: 239-247.
Ganesan, B., Rajesh, R., Anandan, R. and Dhandapani, N. (2007). Biochemical studies on the protective effects of betaine on mitochondrial function. Journal of Health Science. 53: 673-681.
Geraert, P.A., Padilha, J.C.F. and Guillaumin, S. (1996). Metabolic and endocrine changes induced by chronic heat exposure in broiler chickens: growth performance, body composition and energy retention. British Journal of Nutrition. 75: 195-204.
Hay, F.C. and Westwood, O.M.R. (2002). Practical Immunology. 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell Publication, London, UK, pp. 101-125.
Jaafar, N.S. (2013). Histopathological changes of lymphoid system in broiler chicks after treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus under heat stress. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Science. 6: 163-171.
Jacob, R.A. (1995). The integrated antioxidant system. Nutrition Research. 15: 755-766.
Lin, H., Decuypere, E. and Buyse, J. (2006). Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A. 144: 11-17.
Mayahi, M., Talazadeh, F. and Abdolshah, M. (2016). Effect of genetic strains (Ross 308, Cobb 500 and Hubbard F15) on immune response against Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler chickens. International Journal of Enteric Pathogens. 4: e37108.
McDowell, L.R. (2000). Vitamins in Animal and Human Nutrition. 2nd edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. pp. 100-105.
Munj, C.P. (2010). Synergistic effects of feed additives on performance of broilers. Indian Journal of Poultry Science. 45: 292-296.
National Research Council. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 61-77.
Niu, Z.Y., Liu, F.Z., Yan, Q.L. and Li, W.C. (2009). Effects of different levels of vitamin E on growth performance and immune responses of broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science. 88: 2101-2107.
Olfati, A., Mojtahedin, M., Sadeghi, T., Akbari, M. and Pastor, F.M. (2018). Comparison of growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks reared under heat stress, cold stress and thermoneutral conditions. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 16: e0505.
Rahimi, S., Esmaeilzadeh, L. and Karimi-Torshizi, M.A. (2006).Comparison of growth performance of six commercial broiler hybrids in Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 7: 38-44.
Retsky, K.L. and Frei, B. (1995). Vitamin C prevents metal ion-dependent initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation in human low-density lipoprotein. Biochemistry Biophysics Acta. 1257: 279-287.
SAS. (2004). SAS User's guide: Statistics. Version 9.1. Vol. 2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Yahav, S., Goldfeld, S., Plavnik, I. and Hurwitz, S. (1995). Physiological responses of chickens and turkeys to relative humidity during exposure to high ambient temperature. Journal of Thermal Biology. 20: 245-253.
Animal Sciences Journal
Volume 33, Issue 129
March 2021
Pages 75-86

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics