The effect of flaxseed and rumen undegradable protein in flushing diet on reproductive performance of Baluchi ewe

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

2 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

3 Asscociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

4 Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 513-8795620, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate the interaction effect of ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) level and flaxseed type in flushing diets of ewes on reproductive performance and ovarian activity. Seventy-two Baluchi ewes (2-3 years old) were fed one of six experimental diets. The experimental diets were: 1) diet without flaxseed with 20% RUP; 2) diet without flaxseed with 40% RUP; 3) diet containing 10% whole flaxseed with 20% RUP; 4) diet containing10% whole flaxseed with 40% RUP; 5) diet containing 10% extruded flaxseed with 20% RUP and 6) diet containing10% extruded flaxseed with 40% RUP. Dry matter intake of ewes was not affected by experimental diets. Flaxseed type significantly increased glucose, cholesterol and estrogen concentrations in 24 h before removing CIDR, and 24 hours after removing CIDR, caused a significant increase in glucose and estrogen concentration and a significant decrease in blood urea concentration of ewes (P ≤ 0.05). Increasing RUP level to 40%, significantly increased glucose and estrogen and decreased urea concentrations of ewes in 24 hours after removing CIDR (P ≤ 0.05). The diets containing of extruded flaxseed showed the highest serum progesterone concentration in 8 days after mating and finally, higher lambing rates compared to control diets. Finally, the use of flaxseed (especially in extruded form) at 10%DM with 40% RUP in flushing diets, increased the metabolites and hormones concentration associated with reproductive performance, especially glucose, cholesterol, progesterone and estrogen, and thus improves the reproductive performance of the animal.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Allen, M.S. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science.83:1598-1624.
Abayasekara, D.R.E. and Wathes, D.C. (1999). Effects of altering dietary fatty acid composition on prostaglandin synthesis and fertility. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 61:275-287.
Badiei, A., Aliverdilou, A., Amanlou, H., Beheshti, M., Dirandeh, E., Masoumi, R., Moosakhani, F. and Petit, H.V. (2014). Postpartum responses of dairy cows supplemented with n-3 fatty acids for different durations during the peripartal period. Journal of Dairy Science. 97:6391–6399.
Butler, W.R. (1998). Review: Effect of protein nutrition on ovarian and uterine physiology in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 81,2533–2539.
Byers, F.M. and Schelling, G.T. (1988). Lipids in ruminant nutrition. In: D.C. Church (Ed.) The Ruminant Animal: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. pp, 298-310. Prentice-Hall, Inglewood Cliffs, NJ.
DaghighKia, H. and AsgariSafdar, A.H. (2015). Effects of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) with different profiles (ω3 and ω6) during the flushing period on reproductive performance of Afsharis’ ewes. Small Ruminant Research. 126:1-8.
DaghighKia, H., MohamadiChapdareh, W., HosseinKhani, A., Moghad-dam, G., Rashidi, A., Sadri, H. and Alijani, S. (2012). Effects of flushing and hormonal treatment on reproductive performance of Iranian Markhoz goats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 96(6):1157–1164.
DaneshMesgaran, M., JafariJafarpoor, R. and DaneshMesgaran, S. (2012). Milk production, milk fatty acid composition, and blood biochemical parameters of Holstein dairy cows fed whole o ground flaxseed instead of extruded soybeans in the first half of lactation. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 13(3):203-209.
Demeyer, D. and Doreau, M. (1999). Targets and procedures for altering ruminant meat and milk lipids. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 58:593-607.
Hashem, N.M. and El-Zarkouny, S.Z. (2014). Effect of short-term supplementation with rumen-protected fat during the late luteal phase on reproduction and metabolism of ewes. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 98:65-71.
Hayat, H., Soad, M.N. and Walid, R.H. (2012). Effect of calcium soap of fatty acids supplementation on serum biochemical parameters and ovarian activity during out-of-the-breeding season in crossbred ewes. The Science World Journal. Article ID 601840, 7 pages.
Hoon, J.H., Herselman, M.J., Van Heerden, M. and Pretorius, A.P. (2000). The effect of bypass protein supplementation on the reproductive performance of Merino sheep grazing mixed Karoo veld. South African Journal of Animal Science. 30:60–61.
Jahani-Moghadam, M., Amanlou, H. and Nikkhah, A. (2008). Metabolic and productive response to ruminal protein degradability in early lactation cows fed untreated or xylose-treated soybean meal-based diets. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 93(6):777-786.
Jahani-Moghadam, M., Mahjoubi, E. and Dirandeh, E.(2015). Effect of linseed feeding on blood metabolites, incidence of cystic follicles, and productive and reproductive performance in fresh Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy science. 98:1828-1835.
Landau, S., Houghton, J.A.S., Mawhinney, J.R. and Inskeep, E.K. (1996). Protein sources affect follicular dynamics in ewes near the onset of the breeding season. Reproduction Fertility Development. 8:1021-1028.                                                                                                                                       
Mattos, R., Staples, C.R. and Thatcher, W.W. (2000). Effects of dietary fatty acids on reproduction in ruminants. Reviews of Reproduction. 5:38–45.  
Mirzaei-Alamouti, H., Mohammadi, Z., Shahir, M.H. and Vazirigohar, M. (2018). Effects of short-term feeding of different sources of fatty acids in premating diets on reproductive performance and blood metabolites of fat-tailed Iranian Afshari ewes. Theriogenology. 113:85-91.
Mulliniks, J.T., Cox, S.H., Kemp, M.E., Endecott, R.L., Waterman, R.C., VanLeeuwen, D.M., Torell, L.A. and Petersen, M.K. (2011). Protein and glucogenic precursor supplementation: A nutritional strategy to increase reproductive and economic output. Journal of Animal Science.89:3334-3343.
Mustafa, A.F., Chouinard, P.Y. and Christensen, D.A. (2003). Effects of feeding micronized flaxseed on yield and composition of milk from Holstein cows. Journal of Science Food Agriculture. 83:920–926. 
NRC. (2007). National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.                                           
Petit, H.V. (2002). Digestion, milk production, milk composition, and blood composition of dairy cows fed whole flaxseed. Journal of Dairy Science. 85:1482-1490.
Petit, H.V. and Côrtes, C. (2010). Milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, and blood composition of dairy cows fed whole or ground flaxseed in the first half of lactation.  Animal Feed Science and Technology. 158:36–43.
Robinson, R.S., Pushpakumara, P.G.A., Cheng, Z., Peters, A.R., Abayasekara D.R.E. and Wathes, D.C. (2002). Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on ovarian and uterine function in lactating dairy cows. Reproduction. 124:119–131.
Rosenfeld, C.S., Wagner, J.S., Roberts, R.M. and Lubahn, D.B. (2001). Intraovarian actions of estrogen. Reproduction. 122:215-226.
Ryan, D.P., Bao, B., Griffith, M.K. and Williams, G.L. (1995). Metabolic and luteal sequelae to heightened dietary fat intake in undernourished, anestrous beef cows induced to ovulate. Journal of Animal Science. 73:2086-2093.                                                                                                                                         
Sklan, D., Kaim, M., Moallem, U. and Folman, Y. (1994). Effect of dietary calcium soaps on milk yield, body weight, reproductive hormones, and fertility in first parity and older cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 77:1652–1660.
Son, J., Grant, R.J. and Larson, L.L. (1996). Effects of tallow and escape protein on lactation and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 79(5):822-830.
Whitney, M.B., Hess, B.W., Burgwald-Balstad, L.A., Sayer, J.L., Tsopito, C.M., Talbott, C.T. and Hallford, D.M. (2000). Effect of supplemental soybean oil level on in vitro digestion and performance of pubertal beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science. 8:504-514.
Yoshimura, E.H., Santos, N.W., Machado, E., Agustinho, B.C., Pereira, L.M., de Aguiar, S.C., Franzolin, R., Gasparino, E., dos Santos, G.T. and Zeoula, L.M. (2018). Effects of dairy cow diets supplied with flaxseed oil and propolis extract, with or without vitamin E, on the ruminal microbiota, biohydrogenation, and digestion. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 241:163-172.                 
Animal Sciences Journal
Volume 36, Issue 138
June 2023
Pages 51-64

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics